@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; "Čustović, I., Cao, J., Soman, R. (2025). Agents in Construction (AiC) Ontology - Version 1.0.0" ; "Daniel Hall" , "Hans Wamelink" , "Pieter Pauwels" ; "Irfan Čustović" , "Jianpeng Cao" , "Ranjith Soman" ; ""@en ; ; "2025-11-25" ; "Agents in Construction (AiC) Ontology"@en ; owl:versionInfo "1.0.0" . ################################################################# # Annotation properties ################################################################# ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/description rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object rdf:object rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain rdf:Statement ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "object of a reified statement"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#predicate rdf:predicate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain rdf:Statement ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "predicate of a reified statement"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#subject rdf:subject rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain rdf:Statement ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "subject of a reified statement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#belongsTo :belongsTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :OperationMode ; rdfs:range :ModeSet ; rdfs:comment "Connects an operation mode to a mode set."@en ; rdfs:label "belongs to"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#consumes :consumes rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :Material ; rdfs:comment "Defines the link between a construction agent and a material that it handles and thereby removes from the pool of available resources."@en ; rdfs:label "consumes"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#containsActivity :containsActivity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :WorkPackage ; rdfs:range :Activity ; rdfs:comment "Links a work package to an activity that it can be broken down into."@en ; rdfs:label "contains activity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#containsTask :containsTask rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Activity ; rdfs:range :Task ; rdfs:comment "Links an activity to a task that it can be broken down into."@en ; rdfs:label "contains task"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#correspondsTo :correspondsTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:SymmetricProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :OperationMode ; rdfs:range :OperationMode ; rdfs:comment "Links two operation modes from different mode sets to each other to express equivalence."@en ; rdfs:label "corresponds to"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#focusesOnElement :focusesOnElement rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :Element ; rdfs:comment "Indicates that a construction agent is dedicating its current operation to a specific physical element."@en ; rdfs:label "focuses on element"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#focusesOnProcess :focusesOnProcess rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :Process ; rdfs:comment "Indicates that a construction agent is dedicating its current operation to a specific process instance."@en ; rdfs:label "focuses on process"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#generatedBy :generatedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :InformationID ; rdfs:range :Creator ; rdfs:comment "Relates an Information ID to its Creator."@en ; rdfs:label "generated by"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasCapability :hasCapability rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :AgentCapability ; rdfs:comment "Indicates a capability that a construction agent is able to perform."@en ; rdfs:label "has capability"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasElement :hasElement rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Zone ; rdfs:range :Element ; rdfs:comment "Indicates that an element is situated within or associated with a zone. A zone may represent a physical area or a conceptual operational area."@en ; rdfs:label "has element"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasInformationDimension :hasInformationDimension rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :InformationID ; rdfs:range :InformationDimension ; rdfs:comment "Links an information ID to an information dimension."@en ; rdfs:label "has information dimension"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasPredecessor :hasPredecessor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasSuccessor ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :Process ; rdfs:comment "Links a process to its preceding process as defined in the work breakdown structure."@en ; rdfs:label "has predecessor"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasProcessMetric :hasProcessMetric rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :ProcessMetric ; rdfs:comment "Connects a process with a metric that describes its performance."@en ; rdfs:label "has process metric"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasQuantity :hasQuantity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Resource ; rdfs:range :ResourceQuantity ; rdfs:comment "Links a resource or resource batch to a quantity."@en ; rdfs:label "has quantity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasResourceType :hasResourceType rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Resource ; rdfs:range :ResourceType ; rdfs:comment "Connects a resource to a resource type for grouping different kinds of resources with equal characteristics."@en ; rdfs:label "has resource type"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasModeMetric :hasModeMetric rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :OperationMode ; rdfs:range :ModeMetric ; rdfs:comment "Connects an operation mode with a mode metric that describes the effect of the operation mode."@en ; rdfs:label "has mode metric"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasSuccessor :hasSuccessor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :Process ; rdfs:comment "Links a process to its succeeding process as defined in the work breakdown structure."@en ; rdfs:label "has successor"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#isAssignedTo :isAssignedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:comment "Specifies the construction agent that a process is assigned to."@en ; rdfs:label "is assigned to"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#isDescribedBy :isDescribedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :ModeSet ; rdfs:comment "Links a construction agent to a mode set that specifies the agent's ways of operation."@en ; rdfs:label "is described by"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#isInOperationMode :isInOperationMode rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :OperationMode ; rdfs:comment "Links a construction agent to an operation mode."@en ; rdfs:label "is in operation mode"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#isInProcessState :isInProcessState rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :ProcessState ; rdfs:comment "Links a process to a process state."@en ; rdfs:label "is in process state"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#isLocatedIn :isLocatedIn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Resource ; rdfs:range :Zone ; rdfs:comment "Connects a resource to a zone in which it is positioned."@en ; rdfs:label "is located in"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#isOperatingIn :isOperatingIn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :Zone ; rdfs:comment "Connects a construction agent to a zone in which it is positioned."@en ; rdfs:label "is operating in"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#reifiesStatement :reifiesStatement rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :InformationID ; rdfs:range rdf:Statement ; rdfs:comment "Links an information ID to the statement that is being reified."@en ; rdfs:label "reifies statement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#releasesReusableMaterial :releasesReusableMaterial rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :ReusabeMaterial ; rdfs:comment "Connects a process to a resource that a construction agent makes available during execution of the process."@en ; rdfs:label "releases reusable material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#requestsResource :requestsResource rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :Resource ; rdfs:comment "Links the construction agent to a resource that it needs to execute a process."@en ; rdfs:label "requests resource"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#requestsZone :requestsZone rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :Zone ; rdfs:comment "Links the construction agent to a zone that it intends to access."@en ; rdfs:label "requests zone"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#requiresCapability :requiresCapability rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :AgentCapability ; rdfs:comment "Connects a process to a capability that a constructionn agent needs to possess in order to execute the process."@en ; rdfs:label "requires capability"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#requiresResource :requiresResource rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :Resource ; rdfs:comment "Connects a process to a resource that a construction agent needs to handle in order to execute the process."@en ; rdfs:label "requires resource"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#supplies :supplies rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :ReusabeMaterial ; rdfs:comment "Defines the link between a construction agent and a reusable material that it handles and thereby returns back to the pool of available resources."@en ; rdfs:label "supplies"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#targets :targets rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Process ; rdfs:range :Element ; rdfs:comment "Links a process to an element that it has an effect on."@en ; rdfs:label "targets"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#uses :uses rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConstructionAgent ; rdfs:range :Equipment ; rdfs:comment "Defines the link between a construction agent and equipment that it handles during its operation."@en ; rdfs:label "uses"@en . ################################################################# # Data properties ################################################################# ### https://w3id.org/aic#generatedOn :generatedOn rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :InformationID ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; rdfs:comment "Specifies the point in time at which the reified statement was generated."@en ; rdfs:label "generated on"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasUnit :hasUnit rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :Indicator ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "Defines the unit of an indicator."@en ; rdfs:label "has unit"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#hasValue :hasValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :Indicator ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:comment "Defines the value of an indicator."@en ; rdfs:label "has value"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#validAt :validAt rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :InformationID ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; rdfs:comment "Specifies the point in time at which the reified statement is valid. Can be used to define the temporal dynamics of construction agents operating on a site."@en ; rdfs:label "valid at"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#validFrom :validFrom rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :InformationID ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; rdfs:comment "Specifies the start of the time period during which the reified statement is valid. Can be used to define the temporal dynamics of construction agents operating on a site."@en ; rdfs:label "valid from"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#validUntil :validUntil rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :InformationID ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; rdfs:comment "Specifies the end of the time period during which the reified statement is valid. Can be used to define the temporal dynamics of construction agents operating on a site."@en ; rdfs:label "valid until"@en . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement rdf:Statement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reified RDF 1.1 statement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Activity :Activity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Process ; rdfs:comment "A subdivision of a process representing a coherent unit of work performed on one or more elements. Activities typically group related tasks and describe work at an intermediate level of detail in the work breakdown structure."@en ; rdfs:label "Activity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#AgentCapability :AgentCapability rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :ResourceType ; rdfs:comment "Ability or skill of a construction agent to perform certain work."@en ; rdfs:label "Agent Capability"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ConstructionAgent :ConstructionAgent rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :Element , :Process , :Resource , :Zone ; rdfs:comment "Human worker, robot or other kinds of autonomous hardware that can execute work on a construction site."@en ; rdfs:label "Construction Agent"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ConsumableMaterial :ConsumableMaterial rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Material ; owl:disjointWith :ReusabeMaterial ; rdfs:comment "Material that becomes part of the building structure or becomes wasted during a process and cannot be re-used in another process."@en ; rdfs:label "Consumable Material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Creator :Creator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Entity or system responsible for generating the information that is represented by a triple statement."@en ; rdfs:label "Creator"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Element :Element rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :Process , :Resource , :Zone ; rdfs:comment "Physical object that is part of the building structure."@en ; rdfs:label "Element"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Equipment :Equipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource ; owl:disjointWith :Material ; rdfs:comment "Physical asset that aids the execution of a construction process. It cannot execute work autonomously and it includes powered (e.g. a drill) and non-powered (e.g. a concrete bucket) assets."@en ; rdfs:label "Equipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Indicator :Indicator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Numeric value used to quantify an entity."@en ; rdfs:label "Indicator"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#InformationID :InformationID rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Functional class that can be used to reify a statement and link metadata."@en ; rdfs:label "Information ID"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#InformationDimension :InformationDimension rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Defines the dimension of the information that the Information ID reifies. Allows for specifying that a reified statement belongs to the planned, simulated or performed dimension."@en ; rdfs:label "Information Dimension"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Material :Material rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource ; rdfs:comment "Passive, non-powered physical object that is embedded in the final product or that provides physical support for a period of time."@en ; rdfs:label "Material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ModeMetric :ModeMetric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indicator ; rdfs:comment "Numeric value used to describe the effect of an operation mode. Includes cost, energy consumption, noise, ..."@en ; rdfs:label "Mode Metric"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ModeSet :ModeSet rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :OperationMode ; rdfs:comment "A collection of operation modes that describes the possible ways in which a construction agent can operate within a specific scope (e.g., a discipline, technology, or stakeholder perspective). A construction agent may be associated with one or more Mode Sets, depending on the modeling context."@en ; rdfs:label "Mode Set"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#OperationMode :OperationMode rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :ProcessState ; rdfs:comment "A specific operational condition or behavior of a construction agent. Each mode represents a distinct, mutually recognizable mode, such as operating, idle, charging, or moving."@en ; rdfs:label "Operation Mode"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Process :Process rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :Resource , :Zone ; rdfs:comment "Generic class describing a certain amount of work to be executed on the construction site."@en ; rdfs:label "Process"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ProcessMetric :ProcessMetric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indicator ; rdfs:comment "Numeric value used to describe how a process is being performed."@en ; rdfs:label "Process Metric"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ProcessState :ProcessState rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A formal representation of a condition in which a process is in."@en ; rdfs:label "Process State"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Resource :Resource rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :Zone ; rdfs:comment "Physical object that is handled for executing a construction process."@en ; rdfs:label "Resource"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ResourceQuantity :ResourceQuantity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indicator ; rdfs:comment "Numeric value that describes the amount of a resource or size of a resource batch."@en ; rdfs:label "Resource Quantity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ResourceType :ResourceType rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Describes a group of resources with equal characteristics."@en ; rdfs:label "Resource Type"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#ReusabeMaterial :ReusabeMaterial rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Material ; rdfs:comment "Material that can be re-used in another process."@en ; rdfs:label "Reusable Material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Task :Task rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Process ; rdfs:comment "The smallest unit of work in the work breakdown structure, describing work executed on exactly one element. A task cannot be further decomposed within this ontology."@en ; rdfs:label "Task"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#WorkPackage :WorkPackage rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Process ; rdfs:comment "A high-level subdivision of a process representing a manageable collection of activities. Work packages define work at a coarse level of detail, suitable for monthly / weekly planning, resource allocation, and monitoring."@en ; rdfs:label "Work Package"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Zone :Zone rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Dedicated area on the construction site or in the building structure."@en ; rdfs:label "Zone"@en . ################################################################# # Individuals ################################################################# ### https://w3id.org/aic#Performed :Performed rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :InformationDimension ; rdfs:comment "Categorizes statements that convey information about events or situations that have been performed, i.e., have happened."@en ; rdfs:label "Performed"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Planned :Planned rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :InformationDimension ; rdfs:comment "Categorizes statements that convey information about events or situations that have been planned, i.e., should happen."@en ; rdfs:label "Planned"@en . ### https://w3id.org/aic#Simulated :Simulated rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :InformationDimension ; rdfs:comment "Categorizes statements that convey information about events or situations that have been simulated, i.e., might happen."@en ; rdfs:label "Simulated"@en . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/